The plant’s white milky sap, lactucarium, contains compounds like lactucin and lactucopicrin, historically used as a mild alternative to opium—hence names like “wild opium lettuce.” Traditional uses include:
- Pain relief for rheumatism, cramps, and general aches
- Sedation for insomnia and anxiety
- Cough suppression and respiratory support
Animal studies show these compounds have analgesic effects comparable to ibuprofen and sedative properties, relaxing smooth muscles in the gut, bronchi, and vessels. A study on methanol extracts demonstrated spasmolytic, bronchodilator, and vasorelaxant activities, supporting folk uses for gastrointestinal and respiratory issues.
How to Use It Safely
Harvest young leaves before the plant flowers for best edibility and lower bitterness. Older leaves or sap in excess can cause stomach upset. For medicinal use, prepare teas from dried leaves or tinctures from the sap, but start with small amounts.