Stage 1: Tumor is less than 2 cm (about 1 inch) and has not spread to lymph nodes.
Stage 2: Tumor measures 2–4 cm but still hasn’t reached the lymph nodes.
Stage 3: Tumor is larger than 4 cm or has spread to one nearby lymph node.
Stage 4: Cancer has spread to nearby tissues, lymph nodes, or distant organs, making treatment more complex.
Treatment Options
Oral cancer treatment varies depending on the type, location, and stage of the disease. Standard treatments include:
Surgery: Removal of the tumor is often the first line of defense. In some cases, reconstructive surgery may be necessary, using advanced techniques such as pedicle or free flap reconstruction.
Radiation Therapy: High-energy rays are used to target and destroy cancer cells. Types include external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and brachytherapy, a more localized internal form.
Chemotherapy: Anti-cancer drugs are used to kill cancer cells, often in combination with radiation for better results.
Targeted Therapy: This involves drugs designed to interfere with specific molecules involved in cancer growth, often producing fewer side effects than traditional chemotherapy.